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DIFFERENCES IN SOME PARAMETERS OF SITUATION EFFICIENCY BETWEEN WINNING AND DEFEATED TEAMS AT TWO LEVELS OF COMPETITION

Alen Kapidžić1, Elvedin Mejremić2,  Jasmin Bilalić3, Ervin Bečirović4
Faculty of physical education and sport, Tuzla University1,3
Euro-football Gračanica2
UG ''Sportea'' Tuzla4

Abstract
The main objective of this research is to determine the frequency of application of technical - tactical elements of soccer game, that estimate interaction of players, offensive and defensive elements of the game, which we determine to what variables are the winning teams superior by comparison with defeated, in this two levels of competition. For the purposes of this study (research), analyzed are the games national teams that participated at the European Football EURO 2008, in Austria and Switzerland, and teams that competed in the Premier League of Bosnia and Herzegovina in the 2008/2009 season. For the purposes of this study (research), we used T-test for small independent sample. The results obtained within this study (research) indicate the following: The results clearly indicate what would inferior teams, this especially applies for the teams that compete in the Premier League of B&H, should improve the technical-tactical  elements, with greater emphasis on the situational variation to execute the same. This should reduce the possibility of tactical surprise of the match, because the team met with a number of problem situations at the game. For the defeated teams of the Premier League stands, need to improve interaction between players in order to better co-operation during the transition from defense to attack. Improving of individual and group tactics in order to achieve higher frequency of attacks and the arrival in to position for kicking the opponent's goal. National teams that participated at the European Championship in 2008, differ in the variables of shooting at goal, so we can say: Defeated teams should raise the level of individual and group tactics, of which largely depends on the creation of positions for shooting at goal.

Key Words: Premier League, European Championship, soccer game, entities.

INTRODUCTION

The importance of indicators that can be obtained in an experiment is a great situational application of research in the field of soccer, and the information that are obtained this way can greatly contribute to raising the quality of the soccer game. The main objective of this research is to determine the difference between winning and defeated teams that competed in the Premier League of Bosnia and Herzegovina in the 2008/2009 season, and differences in some parameters of situational efficiency between winning and defeated teams in the European Championships 2008 in Austria and Switzerland.

Research of this type will indicate the frequency of application of technical-tactical elements that estimate interaction between players, offensive and defensive elements of soccer game that we were able to determine which variables of the winning team are superior to the defeated, of these two levels of the competition. It is evident that the quality of the matches at the level of competition such as European Championship, much higher than the quality of the matches in the Premier League of B&H. For such a fine quality of the games, the quality of the teams was credited as well as less difference in quality between winning and defeated teams.
Data obtained by this research will contribute to find flaws the specific way that are present in B&H soccer, in order to make possible corrections to improve the game of soccer with us, or to create a more efficient model of the game (Cotuk, B., Yavuz, E., 2007). Although the researches related to technical-tactical manifestations are not standardized, however, they provide very important information for the soccer game, especially because those information are obtained in the situational conditions (Rowlinson, M., O'Donoghue, 2007). This way we are trying to quantify the soccer game, but we cannot talk about an actual figure that will for a longer time of period reflect the application of technical-tactical operations because the soccer game very quickly evolving and improving.

Soccer game compared to an earlier period became much more dynamic, therefore the application of technical-tactical elements of all the players is more frequent (Janković, A. 2004.), since to achieve hits and defend their own goal requires cooperation of all members of a team. The reason that led us to this study is to determine the factors of situational effectiveness that determine the winning teams of defeated, all in regards to compare the winning and defeated teams  at these two levels of the competition (Juan Merce et al. 2007).

METHODS

Entity sample
For the purposes of this study, we analyzed the games of the national teams that participated in European Championship 2008, in Austria and Switzerland, and teams that competed in the Premier League of Bosnia and Herzegovina in the 2008/2009 season. The national teams and other teams represent the entities that competed at the two levels of competition within each of the analyzed games, so that in one game we have two entities i.e. the winning and the defeated team. So for this study we have 26 entities i.e. national teams that are analyzed in thirteen games played, as well as 24 entities i.e. teams that were analyzed in twelve Premier League of B&H games played. Data on the situational efficiency of the national teams that participated at the European Championship 2008 were obtained from the official web site of European football championship 2008 (www.euro2008.com) showing official statistics from the championship. Data on the situational efficiency of the teams that participated in the Premier League of Bosnia and Herzegovina in the 2008/2009 season were collected by the timekeepers, the way they analyzed recorded games and in specially adapted forms entered data on the situational effectiveness of teams. Before start analyzing recorded matches and entering data, timekeepers’ team has conducted a trial measuring of specific technical-tactical elements of situational efficiency, i.e. variables that are defined for this study. This way, the timekeepers are familiar with the variables that need to be monitored and tracked thru the form; all criteria were explained to them, for all the variables that need to be followed in order to reduce the possibility of error occurrence during the analysis of games. The timekeeper’s team was constituent of: five professors of physical education and sport and five trainers of School of soccer “Euro-football”. Timekeepers were divided after trial measuring into two groups and each group of timekeepers was analyzing all twelve matches. After analyzing was done, results of each group of the timekeepers were recapitulated and comparison was done, in order to achieve much objective indicator. Comparing the obtained data, which tells us that the criteria of these two groups of timekeeper’s were equable, and as a valid data, we took a small numerical value for each of the variables applied.   

Variable sample
Within this study variables constitute the elements of the game play that are used by the team during the play. These statistical indicators FIFA promotes for all competitions that are played under its patronage (auspices). For the purposes of this study, we took a sample of twenty-one (21) variables estimating technical-tactical elements that are applied during the game. To estimate the technical-tactical elements of pass on the ball, or elements that evaluate player’s interaction, we applied the following variables:

• KRAPAS – short distance passage,
• PRKRAPAS – accurate short passes,
• SREPAS – medium distance passes,
• PRSREPAS – accurate medium distance passes,
• DUGPAS – long distance passes,
• PRDUGPAS – accurate long distance passes.

To estimate the structural components of the game, we used the following variables:

• NAPLSTR – offense by the left side (and/or left side offense),
• NAPSRED – offense thru the center,
• NAPDSTR – offense by the right side (and/or right side offense).

To estimate the technical-tactical elements of shooting from different distances, following variables were applied:

• ŠNGU16M – shot in the goal within the 16 meters,
• ŠPGU16M – shot aside the goal within the 16 meters,
• ŠNGV16M – shot in the goal outside the 16 meters,
• ŠPGV16M – shot aside the goal outside the 16 meters.

To estimate the technical-tactical elements to achieve the hit, following variables are applied:

• POGU16M – number of goals scored within the 16 meters,
• POGV16M – number of goals scored outside the 16 meters.

To estimate the technical-tactical elements of the defense of the goal, following variables are implemented:

• ODBR – total number of the balls defended from the goalkeeper,
• BŠU16M – shot blocked inside the 16 meters,
• BŠV16M – shot blocked outside the 16 meters.

To estimate the technical-tactical elements of throwing the ball in a game, following variables are used:

• PRPRPET – number of violations incurred,
• KOR – number of executed corner kicks,
• BRAUT – number throw-outs performed.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The differences in variables of situational efficiencies between winning and defeated teams, that competed at the Premier League of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2008/2009 season.
Based on the results of T-test, table 2, we can see that in thirteen (13) out of twenty-one (21) variables implemented, there are significant differences between winning and defeated that competed in the Premier League of Bosnia and Herzegovina in the 2008/2009 season. Results in table 1, shows us that the winning teams are better in following variables: accurate medium distance passes, offense by the left side, offense thru the center, offense by the right side, shot in the goal within the 16 meters, shot aside the goal within the 16 meters, shot in the goal outside the 16 meters, number of executed corner kicks, throw-outs performed, number of goals scored within the 16 meters, number of goals scored outside the 16 meters.

Defeated teams are better in two variables: shot blocked inside the 16 meters, total number of the balls defended from the goalkeeper. Based on the results, we can see that the winning teams are better in variables that estimate interaction of a team player; they had a higher number of organized offenses during the match and had a greater number of pitching a ball from the corner and the throw-outs (Mustafa Ferit Acar et al. 2007.).

Variables where the better teams are defeated ones represents variables that estimate the elements of the defense of their own goals, and considering that the winning team had a number of corners and outs, it tells us that the defeated team were forced to the defensive play during these matches.
 
Had the defeated teams were in a subordinate position is the fact that the winning teams were better in the interaction variables (passage), we can notice from the values of arithmetic means. The winning teams were having 50% greater frequency of passes at the medium distances, and the passes at this distance are of exceptional significance for fast transformation from defense to offense. The difference is notable between winning and defeated teams at this level of competition. This difference can be result of great variation at this level of technical preparedness as well as tactical calculated applications which were caused by individual and group tactics, teams that competed at the Premier League of Bosnia and Herzegovina, in 2008/2009 season.

Table 1.
Descriptive Statistics of the analyzed variables for both groups of teams

 

Table 2
(The differences in variables of situational efficiencies between winning and defeated teams,
that competed at the Premier League of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2008/2009 season)

 

Based on the results of the T-tests (table 4), we see that the statistically significant differences between winning and defeated teams are established in only three variables: shot in the goal within the 16 meters, number of goals scored outside the 16 meters and number of goals scored inside 16 meters. The results in Table 3, tells us that the observed differences are in favor of the first group, i.e. national teams defeated opponent while played matches.
 
Based on acquired results, we can see that the winning and defeated national teams from the European Championships 2008, does not differ in variables related to the interaction of players of the same team, the structure of the flow of action, as the case is with teams that competed in the Premier League of B&H. National teams that participated in the European Soccer Championships 2008, were equally well prepared technically since they are not noticed significant differences between winning and defeated teams in the way of passes of a ball. Also, teams are equal in frequency of offenses generated by the left and right sides, and through the midfield. The winning and defeated national teams do not differ in any variables that evaluate the technical-tactical elements of the defense of their own goal, and everything indicates that the victorious and the defeated team in the application of these technical-tactical elements do not differ.

As we see, what distinguishes winning from defeated national teams is shooting at the goal, a confirmation of this are in some previous studies (Zubillaga, A., Gorospe, G., Mendo, A.H., Vilasenor, A.B., 2007). A shot on goal was the final element in the game of soccer and its realization largely depends on individual and group tactics, so we can say precisely that these tactical calculations greatly affect the creation of spaces for shooting, differ winning out of defeated teams. We noticed that on average more goals were achieved within 16 meters by one match, than outside 16 meters (Sajadi, N. Rahnama, N.,2007). A lot of these scores were accomplished by shooting „at first“, i.e. without receiving the ball, because the players do not have as much time for the shooting, which is probably associated with the level of technical preparation. Therewith, we can say that the experience of the offense in achieving the goals is very important factor that differentiates the winning from the defeated teams.

 

Table 3.
Descriptive Statistics of the analyzed variables for both groups of teams

Table 4
The differences in variables of situational efficiencies between winning and defeated teams,
that competed at the European Soccer Championship 2008

LITERATURE

• Cotuk, B., Yavuz, E. (2007). Reccurrence plot analysis of successive passing sequences in 2006 World Championship. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine. Vol.6 Supplementum 10, pg. 4.
• Hughes, M., Maloney, C. (2007). A technical analysis of elite male soccer players by position and success. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine. Vol.6 Supplementum 10, pg. 6.
• Janković, A. (2004). Comparative analysis of successful offenses at XVI and XVII WC in soccer. Fizička kultura, vol. 57-58, no. 1-4, pg.50-56.
• Juan Merce Ramon Garcia, Alberto Pardo, Jose Enrique Gallach, Jose Javier Mundina and Luis-Millan Gonzalez (2007). Analysis of technical-tactical parameters in young soccer players“ Journal of Sports Science & Medicine. Vol.6 Supplementum 10, pg. 8.

 

• Kapidžić, A., Bečirović, E., Imamović, J. (2009). Situonal efficiency analysis of the teams that participated in 2008 european football championship. Sport Scientific and Practical Aspects, Tuzla, Juni, Vol. 6, Issue .1
• Kapidžić, A., Mujanović, E., Nožinović, F. (2006). Analysis of soccer game at world cup 2006. Faculty of phisycal education of Niš University.Fis communication symposium, pgs. 37 – 41. XII National conference with international participation.
• Mustafa Ferit Acar, Bulent Yapicioglu, Nadir Arikan, Sedat Yalcin, Namet Ates, and Melih Ergun (2007). Analysis of goals scored in 2006 World Cup.  Journal of Sports Science & Medicine. Vol.6 Supplementum 10, pg. 3.
• Melih Balyanl, Fatih Vural, Fatih Catikkas,  Tugrul Yucel, Serkan Afacan, Emre Atik and Ferit M. Acar. (2007). Technical analysis of 2006 World Cup soccer champion Italy. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine. Vol.6 Supplementum 10, pg. 4.
• Rowlinson, M., O'Donoghue (2007). Performance profiles of soccer players in 2006 UEFA Champions League and 2006 FIFA Worls CupTournaments. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine. Vol.6 Supplementum 10, pg. 2.
• Sajadi, N. Rahnama, N. (2007). Analysis of goals in 2006 FIFA World Cup. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine. Vol.6 Supplementum 10, pg. 3.
• Zubillaga, A., Gorospe, G., Mendo, A.H., Vilasenor, A.B. (2007). Match analysis of 2005-06 Champions League Final with Amisco system. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine. Vol.6 Supplementum 10, pg.20.

RAZLIKE U NEKIM PARAMETRIMA SITUACIONE EFIKASNOSTI IZMEĐU POBJEDNIČKIH I PORAŽENIH EKIPA NA DVA NIVOA TAKMIČENJA

Originalni naučni članak
Sažetak
Osnovni cilj ovog istraživanja jeste utvrditi učestalost primjene tehničko-taktičkih elemenata nogometne igre, koji procjenjuju interakciju igrača, napadačke i odbranbene elemente igre, ćime smo utvrdili u kojim varijablama su pobjedničke ekipe superiornije  u odnosu na poražene, na ova dva nivoa takmičenja. Za potrebe ovog istraživanja analizirane su utakmice reprezentacija koje su učestvovale na evropskom nogometnom prvenstvu 2008. godine u Austriji i Švicarskoj, i ekipe koje su se takmičile u Premijer ligi BiH u sezoni 2008/2009. Za potrebe ovog istraživanja korišten je T-test za male nezavisne uzorke. Dobijeni rezultati unutar ovog istraživanja ukazuju na slijedeće:

• Rezultati jasno ukazuju šta bi inferiornije ekipe, posebno vrijedi za ekipe koje se takmiče u Premijer ligi BiH, trebale usavršavati od tehničko-taktičkih elemenata, sa naglaskom na što veću situacionu varijativnost izvođenja istih. To bi trebalo smanjiti mogućnost taktičkog iznenađenja na utakmici, jer se ekipa upoznaje sa većim brojem problemskih situacija same igre.
• Za poražene ekipe premijer lige vrijedi, da poboljšaju interakciju igrača u cilju kvalitetnije saradnje prilikom tranzicije iz odbrane i napad,
• Poboljšanje individualne i grupne taktike u cilju ostvarivanja veće frekvencije napada i dolazka u poziciju za šutiranje na protivnički gol.

Raprezentacije koje su učestvovale na evropskom prvenstvu 2008 godine, vidjeli smo da se razlikuju u varijablama šutiranja na gol, pa možemo reći:

• Poražene ekipe bi trebale podići nivo individualne i grupne taktike, od kojih u velikoj mjeri ovisi i stvaranje pozicije za šutiranje na gol.

Ključne riječi: Premijer liga, evropsko nogometno prvenstvo, nogometna igra, entiteti

Correspondence to:

Alen Kapidžić, PhD
Faculty of physical education and sport,
Tuzla University
Bosnia and Herzegovina
e-mail: alen.kapidzic@untz.ba