Sport Scientific And Practical Aspects

RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN PHYSICAL FITNESS AND MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS IN OBESE EIGHT-YEAR-OLD CHILDREN: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

Živković Danijela — 2025-06-09

The objective of this study was to investigate the association between Physical Fitness (PF) parameters and morphological features in eight-year-old obese children. The sample consisted of 273 obese second-grade students from Niš, Serbia (104 girls and 169 boys; mean age 8.26 ± 0.40 for girls and 8.34 ± 0.43 for boys). The assessed PF parameters included Resting Heart Rate (RHR), Exercise Heart Rate (EHR), maximal oxygen uptake (VO₂max), and a battery of tests measuring strength, flexibility and speed. Morphological characteristics were evaluated using 13 variables encompassing longitudinal, transversal, and volumetric dimensions, as well as skinfold thickness measurements. Canonical correlation analysis was conducted to examine the relationships between sets of fitness-related and morphological variables. The results revealed three statistically significant canonical functions, reflecting complex interrelationships between PF parameters and body structure. The first canonical function (Sig.= .00) demonstrated negative correlation between VO₂max and obesity-related parameters. The second function (Sig.= .00) reflects the relationship between longitudinal body dimensions and the ability to perform fast, alternating upper limb movements. The third function (Sig.= .04) suggested that children with more pronounced longitudinal body dimensions, but also with higher levels of subcutaneous fat, tend to achieve better results in tests of explosive strength and flexibility. These findings emphasize the complex and multidimensional relationship between physical fitness and morphological characteristics in eight-year-old children. They underscore the importance of early identification and the implementation of targeted, school-based interventions aimed at promoting health and supporting optimal physical development in young children.

PHYSIOLOGICAL AND HEMATOLOGICAL ADAPTATIONS TO ENDURANCE TRAINING IN ELITE MIDDLE AND LONG-DISTANCE RUNNERS: IMPLICATIONS FOR PERFORMANCE OPTIMIZATION

Nigatu Worku Angasu — 2025-06-09

Endurance training (EnT) is a critical component for elite middle and long-distance runners, necessitating a comprehensive examination of the hematological and physiological adaptations that occur throughout a training cycle. This study investigated the effects of EnT on various physiological and hematological factors that influence running performance. A well-structured training program with dynamic intensities and intervals was developed. A quasi-experimental approach was used to conduct pre- and post-tests. The key findings revealed substantial improvements, particularly in erythrocyte volume and hemoglobin (Hgb) mass. Specifically, the RBC count increased significantly from a pre-training mean of 5.18 (±0.40) million/L to 5.45 (±0.39) million/L post-training (t = 5.23, P = 0.001). Furthermore, maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) demonstrated a marked increase from 71.9 (±1.27) to 78.4 (±2.02) ml/kg/min (t = 16.24), indicating enhanced aerobic capacity. In addition to these improvements, resting heart rate (RHR) exhibited a significant reduction, decreasing from 57 (±3) to 53 (±4) beats per minute (bpm) (t = 4.48, P = 0.001). Collectively, these physiological enhancements accounted for
an impressive explanatory power of 86.9% for performance outcomes, particularly evident in the 5000m time trial (TT). These results underscore the importance of EnT programs in optimizing performance for elite runners, highlighting the need of individualized training regimens that promote the physiological adaptations essential for maximizing athletic
potential.

THE IMPORTANCE OF DIVERSIFYING THE USE OF SOME MODERN TEACHING METHODS IN IMPROVING SOME PHYSICAL QUALITIES IN THE LONG JUMP

Harbach Ibrahim — 2025-06-09

The purpose of this study is to understand the importance of the diversification of some modern teaching methods to improve some physical attributes of long jump speed, in order to know the most effective methods in long jump. To achieve the main objective, the researchers used the experimental method. Thirty male students of 18 to 22 years old, were randomly selected to study at the Institute of Physical Education and sports of Mostaganem. They divided into a pilot sample and a control sample.The researchers concluded that the use of several teaching methods in the physical education and sport lesson had a positive effect to improving physical performance in long jump.

DIFFERENCES IN THE PHYSICAL APPEARANCE OF WOMEN ENGAGED IN PROGRAMMED KINESIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES IN RELATION TO CHRONOLOGICAL AGE

Nevres Muminović — 2025-06-09

One of the study's objectives was to detect differences in body image satisfaction among women who engage in kinesiological activities, with respect to their chronological age. One of the fundamental functions of the human body is physical activity. As defined, physical activity requires increased energy expenditure. Energy expenditure is most commonly expressed as the amount of oxygen consumed per unit of time, measured in absolute (ml×min⁻¹) or relative oxygen uptake (ml×min⁻¹·kg⁻¹). Physical activity is described through four dimensions: frequency, duration, intensity, and type of activity (Caspersen, Powell & Christensen, 1985). Frequency refers to the number of activity repetitions within a given timeframe (weekly or monthly). Total physical activity includes, alongside all other forms, health-oriented physical activities that are specifically aimed at improving health. Given that a high capacity for physical performance is a positive health criterion (Mišigoj-Duraković et al.,1999), health-oriented physical activity also includes structured and planned non-competitive exercise and sports. A potential classification of influencing factors can be divided into four categories: (1) personal characteristics (e.g., age, gender, education level, experience, type of occupation, body mass index, health status), (2) psychological and behavioral characteristics (e.g.,self-efficacy, enjoyment, self-motivation, perceived barriers), (3) environmental factors (social and physical) (e.g., social support, access and opportunities for physical activity, climate conditions, safety), and (4) characteristics of the physical activity itself (e.g., intensity, type, perceived exertion) (Nahas, Goldfine & Collins, 2003).

EFFECTS OF RECREATIONAL PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES ON WOMEN'S MENTAL AND PHYSICAL HEALTH DURING THE PANDEMIC CAUSED BY THE CORONAVIRUS (COVID 19)

Jasmin Bilalić — 2025-06-09

The aim of the research is to determine the effects of the pandemic caused by the Coronavirus (COVID-19) on the mental and physical health of young adult women, using standardized instruments for the assessment of mental and physical health. The sample of 40 women was selected into two groups according to the continuity of recreational physical activity during the pandemic caused by the Coronavirus. An increase in symptoms of depression and anxiety was recorded in both groups during the pandemic, but it could be noted that respondents from the discontinuous level of physical activity group recorded a higher degree of depression and anxiety compared to respondents from the continuous level of physical activity group. In terms of physical health, respondents who continued physical activity maintained relatively stable physical health results during the pandemic, while respondents who did not maintain continuity of work showed significantly worse results compared to the period before the pandemic. Thus, regular physical activity is associated with better mental and physical health during the pandemic caused by the Coronavirus (COVID-19). Overall, this research emphasizes the importance of maintaining regular recreational activities, even during crisis situations, as a key factor for preserving psychophysical health.